Şam hükümdarları listesi

Antik zamanlardan günümüze Şam hükümdarları listesi

Arami-Damaskus

• Rezon I (c. 950 BC)

• Tabrimmon

• Ben-Hadad I (c. 885 BCE-c. 865 BC)

• Hadadezer (c. 865 BC-c. 842 BC)

• Hazael (c. 842 BC-c. 804 BC)

• Ben-Hadad III (c. 796 BC)

• Tab-El (c. 770 BC)

• Rezon II (c. 740 BC-732 BC)

Bağımsız olmayan dönem

• Asurlulara bağlı (732 BC-609 BC)

• Ilu-Ittia (yaklaşık 8. yüzyıl BC)

• Babil'e bağlı (609 BC-539 BC)

• Ahameniş İmparatorluğu'na bağlı (539 BC-332 BC)

• Makedonya'ya bağlı (332 BC-323 BC)

• Antigonos Hanedanı'na bağlı (323 BC-301 BC)

• Ptolemaios Krallığı'na bağlı (301 BC-198 BC)

• Seleukos İmparatorluğu'na bağlı (198 BC-167 BC)

• Ituraea'ya bağlı (167 BC-110 BC) (Seleukos'dan yarı bağımsız)

• Dekapolis'e bağlı (110 BC-85 BC) (Seleukos'dan yarı bağımsız)

• Nebatî Krallığı'na bağlı (85 BC-64 BC)

• Roma Cumhuriyeti/Roma İmparatorluğu/Bizans İmparatorluğu (64 BC-635)

• Gassanilere bağlı (529-584; ?-635)

Dört Halife

• Halid bin Velid (635-636)

• Ebu Ubeyde bin Cerrah (636-637)

• Amr bin Âs (637-640)

• Yezid bin Ebu Süfyan (640)

• Muaviye bin Ebu Süfyan (640-661)

Emevîler

• Muâviye bin Ebu Süfyan (661-680)

• Yezîd bin Muâviye (680-683)

• Ebu Laylâ Muâviye bin Yezîd (683-684)

• Mervân bin Hakem (684-685)

• Abdülmelik bin Mervan (685-705)

• Ebu'l-Abbas el-Velid Bin Abdülmelik (705-715

• Süleyman bin Abdülmelik (715-717)

• Ömer bin Abdülazîz (717-720 )

• Yezîd bin Abdülmelik (720-724)

• Hişâm bin Abdülmelik (724-743)

• Velîd bin Yezîd (743-744)

• Yezîd bin Velîd (744)

• İbrahim bin Velîd (744)

• Mervân bin Muhammed (Yukarı Mezopotamya, Harran'dan yönetmiştir, 744-750)

Abbâsî emirleri

• Abdallah ibn Ali (750–754)

• Salih bin Ali (754)

• Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi (754–764)

• Al-Fadl ibn Salih (766–775)

• Ebû Ca‘fer Hârûn el-Mehdî (783–786)

• Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 785)

• Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Imam (?–788)

• Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 788–791)

• Musa ibn Isa (c. 792)

• Mûsâ bin Yahyâ el-Bermekî (c. 792)

• Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (793–795)

• Ishaq ibn Isa ibn Ali (c. 795–?)

• Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (802–803)

• Ca'fer bin Yahyâ el-Bermekî (803)

• İbrahim bin Muhammed bin İbrahim bin Muhammed (803–804)

• Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (804–805)

• Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (c. 806)

• Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba (807–809)

• Mansur ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (809–810)

• Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (810)

• Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (810)

• Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Bayhas (813–823 or 824/825)

• Ma'yuf ibn Yahya ibn Ma'yuf al-Hamdani or Sadaqa ibn Uthman al-Murri (naip Abdullah bin Tâhir tarafından atanmıştır) (825–?)

• Ebû İshâk Muhammed bin Hârûn er-Reşîd (c. 828)

• Dinar ibn Abd Allah (c. 839)

• Muhammed ibn al-Jahm al-Sami (c. 839)

• Musa ibn Ibrahim al Rafiqi (c. 842)

• Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841–847)

• Malik ibn Tawk (847–850)

• Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad ibn al-Mutawakkil (850–855)

• al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856–861)

• Yunus ibn Tarja (c. 861)

• Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari (861–866)

• Salih ibn al-Abbasi al-Turki (c. 866)

• Ahmad ibn Khalil al Shaybani (c. 866)

• Yamkjur al-Turki (c. 869)

• Asram al-Turki (c. 870)

• Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, rebel governor (c. 870)

• Amajur al-Turki (870–878)

• Mısır Tolunoğulları'na bağlı (877–904)

• Ali ibn Amajur al-Turki (878)

• Ahmad ibn Wasif

• Tughj ibn Juff (896–905)

• Abbâsî idaresinin geri gelmesi:

• Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (905–906)

• al-Rashidi (928–931)

• Muhammed bin Toğaç (931–935)

• Mısır İhşîdîler'e bağlı (935-969), istisnalar:

• Muhammed İbn Râik (939–942)

• Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943–945)

• Seyfü'd Devle (945 ve 947 yıllarında kısa süreli)

Fâtımî emirleri

• Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970-971)

Karmatîlerin Şam'ı işgali

• Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973-974)

• Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974)

• Rayn al-Mu'izzi (974)

• Alptekin el-Mûizzi (975-978)

• Qassam al-Turab (978-983)

Fâtımîlerin Şam'ı geri alması

• Baltakin al-Turki (983)

• Bakcur (983-991)

• Ya'qub al-Siqlabi (991)

• Mançutekin (993-996)

• Sulayman ibn Fallah (996)

• Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997-998)

• Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998-1000)

• Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002)

• Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004)

• Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009)

• Hamid ibn Mulham (1009)

• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011)

• Badr al-Attar (1011–1012)

• Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014)

• Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021)

• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023)

• Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024)

• Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028)

• Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041)

• Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048)

• Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049)

• Rifq al-Khadim (1049)

• Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058)

• Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)

• Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060)

• Sebuq Tegin (1060)

• Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061)

• Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)

• Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)

• Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063)

• Bedr el-Cemâli (1063)

• Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067)

• Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069)

• Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071)

• Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)

Selçuklu emirleri

• Atsız bin Uvak (1076–1079)

• I. Tutuş (1079–1095)

• Dukak (1095–1104)

• II. Tutuş (1104)

• Ertaş (1104)

Böri emirleri

• Tuğtekin (1104–1128)

• Tacülmülk Böri (1128–1132)

• Şemsülmülk İsmail (1132–1135)

• Şehabeddin Mahmud (1135–1139)

• Cemaleddin Muhammed (1139–1140)

• Muinüddin Üner (Naip, 1140–1149)

• Mucireddin Abak (1140–1154)

Zengi atabegleri

• Nûreddin Mahmud Zengî (1154–1174)

• el-Melikü's-Sâlih İmâdüddin İsmâil (1174)

Eyyûbî emirleri (bazıları aynı zamanda Mısır Sultanıdır)

• Selahaddin Eyyubi (1174–1186)

• Afdal bin Selâhaddîn (1186–1196)

• I. Adil (1196–1218)

• Muazzam bin Adil (1218–1227)

• Nasır Davud (1227–1229)

• Al-Ashraf (1229–1237)

• Sâlih İsmail (1237)

• Kamil bin Adil (1237–1238)

• II. Âdil (1238–1239)

• es-Sâlih Eyyûb (1239)

• Sâlih İsmail (1239–1245)

• es-Sâlih Eyyûb (1245–1249)

• Muazzam Turanşah (1249–1250)

• An-Nasir Yusuf (1250–1260)

Memlûk Devleti naipleri

• Sanjar as-Salihi (Ağustos/Eylül 1260–Ekim 1260)^{[1]Sato, p. 79.}

• Taybars al-Waziri (October 1260–1264)^{[1]Sato, p. 79.}

• Aqqush as-Salihi (1264–)^{[1]Sato, p. 79.}

• Sunqur al-Ashqar (1279–1280)

• Hüsâmeddin Lâçin (1280–?)

• Aqush Bey (c. 1290s)

• Izz ad-Din Aybak (?–1296)

• Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297)

• Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1299)

• Akkuş el-Efrem (1299–1309)

• Seyfeddin Tengiz (1312–1340)

• Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350)

• Seyfeddin Mencik (1350)

• Tash Timur (c. 1380)

• Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?–1393)

• Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399)

• Sudun (1399–1400)

• Timur tarafından işgal edildi (1400–1401)

• Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401–?)

• Sayfeddin Çakmak (1418–1420)

• Kijmas (c. 1470s)

• Ghazali Arab (c. 16th century)

• Sibai (c. 16th century)

• Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517)

• Canberdi Gazâlî (1518–1521)

Osmanlı valileri

• Yunus Paşa (yaklaşık 1516)

• Canberdi Gazâlî (1518–1521)

• Ayas Mehmed Paşa (1521–1522)

• Serdar Ferhat Paşa (1522–1523)

• Hurram Paşa (1523–1525)

• Sulayman Paşa al-Tawashi (1525–1526)

• Lütfü Paşa (1526–1528)

• İsa Bey Paşa Chenderli (1528–1531)

• Mustafa Ablak Paşa (1531–1534)

• Lütfü Paşa (1534–1535)

• İsa Bey Paşa Chenderli (1535)

• Muhammad Kuzal Paşa (1536–1537)

• Topal Sulayman Paşa (1537–1538)

• Ahmed Paşa I (1538–1539)

• Qese Husrau Paşa (1539–1541)

• Isa Paşa (1541–1543)

• Piri Paşa (1543–1545)

• Hadım Sinan Paşa (1545–1550)

• Piri Paşa (1550–1551)

• Muhammad Paşa Bartaki (1551–1552)

• Şemsi Ahmed Paşa (1552–1555)

• Hizr Paşa (1555–1561)

• Ali Paşa Lankun (1561–1563)

• Khusrau Paşa I (1563)

• Lala Mustafa Paşa (1563–1569)

• Murad Paşa Shaitan (1569)

• Ali Paşa Lankun (1569–1570)

• Haji Ahmed Paşa (1570–1571)

• Lala Jafar Paşa (1574–1575)

• Murad Paşa (1575–1577)

• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1577–1581)

• Bahram Paşa (1581–1582)

• Hüseyin Paşa Boljanić (1582–1583)

• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1583)

• Qubad Sulayman Paşa (1584)

• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1585–1586)

• Üveys Paşa (1586–1587)

• Muhammad Paşa Farhad (1587–1588)

• Üveys Paşa (1588–1589)

• Elwanzade Ali Paşa (1589–1590)

• Koca Sinan Paşa (1590)

• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1590–1591)

• Mustafa Paşa I (1591–1592)

• Damat Halil Paşa (1592–1593)

• Qachirji Mohammad Paşa (1593–1594)

• Sokolluzade Hasan Paşa (1594)

• Murad Paşa (1594–1595)

• Khusrau Paşa II (1595–1596)

• Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Paşa (1596–1597)

• Yusuf Sinan Paşa (1597–1598)

• Ahmed Paşa II (1598)

• Ahmed Paşa III (1598)

• Khusrau Paşa II (1599)

• Emir Mehmed Paşa (1599–1600)

• Osman Paşa (1601–1603)

• Farhad Paşa Bustanji (1603–1604)

• Mustafa Paşa II (1604–1607)

• Mahmud Paşa (1607–1608)

• Sofu Sinan Paşa (1608–1609)

• Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615)

• Silahdar Mehmed Paşa (1615–1618)

• Hafız Ahmed Paşa (1618–1619)

• Mustafa Paşa III (1619–1620)

• Süleyman Paşa I (1620–1621)

• Murtaza Paşa Bustanji (1621–1622)

• Mehmed Paşa Rushand (1622–1623)

• Mustafa Paşa al-Hannaq (1623–1624)

• Niğdeli Mustafa Paşa (1624–1625)

• Gürcü Mehmed Paşa I (1625–1626)

• Tayar Oğlu Mehmed Paşa (1626–1628)

• Küçük Ahmed Paşa (1628–1629)

• Mustafa Paşa IV (1629–1630)

• Nawaya Mehmed Paşa (1630–1631)

• İlyas Paşa (1632–1633)

• Deli Yusuf Paşa (1633–1635)

• Küçük Ahmed Paşa (1635–1636)

• Dervish Mehmed Paşa (1636–1638)

• Mustafa Paşa IV (1638–1639)

• Chifteli Othman Paşa (1639–1640)

• Mehmed Paşa I (1640–1641)

• Serji Ahmed Paşa (1641–1642)

• Melik Ahmed Paşa (1642–1643)

• Sultanzade Mehmed Paşa (1643)

• Silihdar Yusuf Paşa (1643–1644)

• Gurju Mehmed Paşa II (1644–1645)

• Ibrahim Paşa I (1645)

• Mehmed Paşa Salami (1645–1646)

• Gürcê Mehmed (1646)

• Silahdar Yusuf Paşa (1646–1647)

• Sufi Murteza Paşa (1647)

• Sofu Mehmed Paşa (1648)

• İbşir Mustafa Paşa (1649)

• Mehmed Paşa II (1649–1650)

• Silahdar Murtaza Paşa (1650)

• Sivaslı Mustafa Paşa (1650)

• Haseki Mehmed Paşa (1650–1652)

• Defterzade Mehmed Paşa (1653–1655)

• Kara Murat Paşa (1655; makamı üstlenmeden önce yolda ölmüştür)

• Haseki Mehmed Paşa (1656)

• Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa (1659–1661)

• Sulayman Paşa II (1661–1663)

• Ribleli Mustafa Paşa (1663–1665)

• Salih Paşa I (1665–1666)

• Qara Mustafa Paşa (1666–1667)

• Mehmed Paşa Chewish Oglu (1667–1669)

• Ibrahim Paşa Shaytan (1669–1671)

• Abazekh Husein Paşa (1671–1672)

• Qara Mehmed Paşa (1672–1673)

• Ibrahim Paşa Shushman (1673–1674)

• Qer Husein Paşa (1674–1675)

• Ibrahim Paşa II (1675–1676)

• Bosniak Osman Paşa (1676–1679)

• Abazekh Husein Paşa (1679–1683)

• Ibrahim Paşa III (1684)

• Bosniak Osman Paşa (1684–1685)

• Kaplan Paşa (1686–1687)

• Arap Salih Paşa (1687–1688)

• Hamza Paşa (1688–1689)

• Bozoklu Mustafa Paşa (1690)

• Murtaza Paşa (1690–1691)

• Gürcü Mehmed Paşa III (1691–1692)

• Çelebi İsmail Paşa (1692–1693)

• İbşir Mustafa Paşa (1693–1694)

• Silihdar Osman Paşa (1695–1696)

• Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Paşa (1696–1697)

• Ahmad Paşa Hacigirai (1697–1698)

• Silihdar Husein Paşa (1699)

• Silihdar Hasan Paşa (1700)

• Arslan Mehmed Paşa Matracyoghlu (1701)

• Salih Agha (1702)

• Mehmed Paşa Kurd-Bayram (1702–1703)

• Osman Paşa Arnavud (1703)

• Arslan Mehmed Paşa Matracyoghlu (1703–1704)

• Defterdar Mustafa Paşa (1704)

• Firari Hüseyin Paşa (1704–1705)

• Mehmed Paşa Kurd-Bayram (1705–1706)

• Baltacı Süleyman Paşa (1706–1707)

• Yusuf Paşa Qapudan (1707-1708)

• Nasuh Paşa al-Aydini (1708–1712)

• Jarkas Muhammad Paşa (1713-1715)

• Tubal Yusuf Paşa (1715-1716)

• Ibrahim Paşa Qapudan (1716)

• Recep Paşa (1716)

• Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa (1716–1717)

• Köprülü Abdullah Paşa (1716–1717)

• Recep Paşa (1717-1718)

• Uthman Paşa Abu Tawq (1719-1721)

• Ali Paşa Maqtul (1721–1722)

• Uthman Paşa Abu Tawq (1723–1725)

• Ismail Paşa al-Azm (1725–1730)

• Abdullah Paşa al-Aydinli (1731–1734)

• Sulayman Paşa al-Azm (1734–1738)

• Husayn Paşa al-Bustanji (1738)

• Uthman Paşa al-Muhassil (1739–1740)

• Ali Paşa Abu Qili (1740)

• Sulayman Paşa al-Azm (1741–1743)

• As'ad Paşa al-Azm (1743–1757)

• Husayn Paşa ibn Makki (1757)

• Abdullah Paşa al-Jatahji (1757-1759)

• Muhammad Paşa al-Shalik (1759–1760)

• Uthman Paşa al-Kurji (1760–1771)

• Muhammad Paşa al-Azm (1771–1772)

• Hafiz Mustafa Paşa Bustanji (1773–1783)

• Mehmed Paşa al-Kurji (1783)

• Darwish Paşa al-Kurji (1783–1784)

• Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1784–1786)

• Husayn Paşa Battal (1786–1787)

• Abdi Paşa (1787–1788)

• Ibrahim Paşa al-Halabi (1788–1789)

• Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1790–1795)

• Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1795–1798)

• Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1798–1799)

• Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1799–1803)

• Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1803–1804)

• Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1804-807)

• Kunj Yusuf Paşa (1807–1810)

• Sulayman Paşa al-Adil (1810-1812)^{[2]Sajdi, 2013, p. 98.}

• Silahdar Süleyman Paşa (Şubat 1812–Mayıs 1816)^{[3]Douwes, 2000, p. 58.}

• Sulayman Paşa al-Adil (1816; vekaleten)

• Hafiz Amasyali Ali Paşa (1816–Mart 1817)

• Salih Paşa (Mart 1817–1817)

• Izmirli Süleyman Paşa (1817–1819)

• Burdurlu Derviş Mehmed Paşa (1819–1822)

• Beylanli Mustafa Paşa (June 1822–April 1823)

• Salih Paşa (April 1823–January 1824)

• Muftizade Ahmed Paşa (1824–Mayıs 1824)

• Haci Veliyeddin Paşa (1825–1826)

• Hakkı İsmail Paşa (Ekim1826–1827)

• İzmirli Haci Salih Paşa (1827–1828)

• Mehmed Emin Rauf Paşa (1828–1831)

• Benderli Mehmed Selim Sırrı Paşa (1831–1832)

• Mısır'a bağlı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndan özerk

• Ahmed Bey (1831–1832)

• Kavalalı İbrahim Paşa (1832)

• Muhammed Şerif Paşa (1832–1838)

• boş (1838–1840)

• İzzet Mehmed Paşa (1840–1841)

• Reşid Mehmed Paşa (1841–1844)

• Mehmed Namık Paşa (1845–1846)

• Rıza Paşa (1845–1846)

• Musa Safveti Paşa (1846)

• Namık Paşa (1848)

• Osman Nuri Paşa (1848–1849)

• Mehmed Namık Paşa (1849–1850)

• Damad Mehmed Said Paşa (1850–1852)

• İzzet Mehmed Paşa (1852)

• Açaf Paşa (1852–1854)

• Arif Mehmed Paşa (1854–1855)

• Salih Vamık Paşa (1855)

• Mahmud Nedim Paşa (1855–1857)

• İzzet Ahmed Paşa (1857)

• Ali Paşa II (1858)

• Halil Kamili Paşa (1858-1859)

• Mu'amer Paşa (1860)

• Mehmed Fuad Paşa (1860–1861)

• Ahmed Paşa IV (1861)

• Emin Muhlis Paşa (1861–1862)

• Reşid Mehmed Paşa (1862–1864)

• Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Paşa (1864–1865)

• Mehmed Raşid Paşa (1865–1871)

• Subhi Paşa (1871–1873)

• Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Paşa (1873–1874)

• Esad Paşa (1874–1875)

• Ahmed Hamdi Paşa (1875–1876)

• Ahmed Paşa V (1876–1877)

• Küçük Ömer Fevzi Paşa (1877–1878)

• Ali Haydar Midhat Paşa (1878–1879)

• Hamdi Paşa (1880–1885)

• Raşid Naşid Paşa (1885–1888)

• Manastırlı Mehmed Nazif Paşa (1888–1889)

• Mustafa Asim Paşa (1889–1891)

• Topal Osman Nuri Paşa (1891–1892)

• Şerif Mehmed Rauf Paşa (1892–1894)

• Haçi Osman Nuri Paşa (1894–1895)

• Hasan Refik Paşa (1896–1897)

• Nâzım Paşa (1897–1906)

• İbrahim Şükrü Paşa (1906–1909)

• İsmail Fazıl Bey (1909–1911)

• İsmail Galip Bey (1911–1912)

• Kazım Paşa (1912–1913)

• Arif Bey (1913)

• Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914)

• Cemal Paşa (1915)

• Azmi Paşa (1915–1916)

• Tahsin Bey (1916–1918)

• Mehmed Gabriel Paşa (1918)

• Şükrü Paşa (Ekim 1–2, 1918)

Suriye Arap Krallığı

• I. Faysal (1918–1920)

Suriye'nin başkenti

• Fransız Suriye Mandası (1920-1946)

• Suriye Cumhuriyeti (1946-1958)

• Birleşik Arap Cumhuriyeti (1958-1961)

• Suriye Arap Cumhuriyeti (1961-günümüz)