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İskit-Sibirya dünyası

Pazırık Kurganlarından bir atlı, MÖ 300 civarı, İskit-Sibirya dünyasının en ünlü arkeolojik keşiflerinden biri. Binicilik, İskit-Sibirya dünyasının başlıca özelliklerinden biridir.
Pazırık Kurganlarından bir atlı, MÖ 300 civarı, İskit-Sibirya dünyasının en ünlü arkeolojik keşiflerinden biri. Binicilik, İskit-Sibirya dünyasının başlıca özelliklerinden biridir.PHG, Kamu malı, Wikimedia Commons

İskit kültürleri,[1]Alekseyev, Andrey. Scytho-Siberian world. Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2017. Demir Çağı boyunca, yaklaşık MÖ 9. yüzyıldan MS 2. yüzyıla kadar Avrasya Bozkırlarında gelişen bir arkeolojik ufuktu. Doğu Avrupa'nın İskit, Sauromat ve Sarmat kültürlerini, Orta Asya'nın Saka - Massagetler ve Tasmola kültürlerini ve Güney Sibirya'nın Aldy-Bel, Pazırık ve Tagar kültürlerini içeriyordu.

İskit-Sibirya dünyası, benzer ancak özdeş olmayan silah, at dizginleri ve mücevher ve dekoratif sanat stillerinden oluşan İskit üçlüsü ile karakterize edilmiştir. Bu kültürlerin ne kadar ilişkili olduğu sorusu, bilim insanları arasında tartışmalıdır. Halkları çeşitli kökenlerden geliyordu ve sadece kültürlerin adını aldığı İskitleri değil, aynı zamanda Kimmerler, Massagetler, Sakalar, Sarmatlar ve belirsiz orman bozkır toplulukları gibi diğer halkları da içeriyordu. Çoğunlukla İran dillerinin İskit kolunu konuşan bu halkların tümü bazen topluca İskitler, İskit-Sibiryalılar, Erken Göçebeler veya Demir Çağı Göçebeleri olarak anılır.[2]. Genomic inference reveals that Scythians in the east and the west of the steppe zone can best be described as a mixture of Yamnaya-related ancestry and an East Asian component. Demographic modelling suggests independent origins for eastern and western groups with ongoing gene-flow between them, plausibly explaining the striking uniformity of their material culture. We also find evidence that significant gene-flow from east to west Eurasia must have occurred early during the Iron Age. The origin of the widespread Scythian-Siberian cultures has long been debated in Eurasian archaeology. The northern Black Sea steppe was originally considered the homeland and centre of the Scythians3 until Terenozhkin formulated the hypothesis of a Central Asian origin4. On the other hand, evidence supporting an east Eurasian origin includes the kurgan Arzhan 1 in Tuva5, which is considered the earliest Scythian kurgan5. Dating of additional burial sites situated in east and west Eurasia confirmed eastern kurgans as older than their western counterparts6,7. Additionally, elements of the characteristic 'Animal Style' dated to the tenth century BCE1,4 were found in the region of the Yenisei river and modern-day China, supporting the early presence and origin of Scythian culture in the East.

Kaynakça

  1. 1.Alekseyev, Andrey. Scytho-Siberian world. Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2017. bigenc.ru
  2. 2.. Genomic inference reveals that Scythians in the east and the west of the steppe zone can best be described as a mixture of Yamnaya-related ancestry and an East Asian component. Demographic modelling suggests independent origins for eastern and western groups with ongoing gene-flow between them, plausibly explaining the striking uniformity of their material culture. We also find evidence that significant gene-flow from east to west Eurasia must have occurred early during the Iron Age. The origin of the widespread Scythian-Siberian cultures has long been debated in Eurasian archaeology. The northern Black Sea steppe was originally considered the homeland and centre of the Scythians3 until Terenozhkin formulated the hypothesis of a Central Asian origin4. On the other hand, evidence supporting an east Eurasian origin includes the kurgan Arzhan 1 in Tuva5, which is considered the earliest Scythian kurgan5. Dating of additional burial sites situated in east and west Eurasia confirmed eastern kurgans as older than their western counterparts6,7. Additionally, elements of the characteristic 'Animal Style' dated to the tenth century BCE1,4 were found in the region of the Yenisei river and modern-day China, supporting the early presence and origin of Scythian culture in the East.