# BM-21 Grad

> Source: https://turkipedia.org/tr/wiki/BM-21_Grad
> Last updated: 2026-10-05
> License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Credit "Turkipedia contributors" and link to the source.
> Based on: BM-21 Grad, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BM-21_Grad (CC-BY-SA-4.0)

![](https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Rocket_launcher_BM-21_%22Grad%22_on_Ural-375D_chassis.jpg/1280px-Rocket_launcher_BM-21_%22Grad%22_on_Ural-375D_chassis.jpg)
* (Dmitry A. Mottl, CC-BY-SA-3.0)*

- **Adı:** BM-21 Grad
- **Uyruğu:** Sovyetler Birliği
- **Çeşidi:** Çok namlulu roketatar
- **İs vehicle:** yes
- **İs artillery:** yes
- **Hizmet:** 1963-günümüze
- **Kullanıcılar:** Kullanıcılar
- **Tasarımcı:** Splav Devlet Araştırma ve Üretim Şirketi
- **Tasarlandığı tarih:** 1963
- **Üretici:** Splav Devlet Araştırma ve Üretim Şirketi
- **Üretildiği tarih:** 1963-günümüze
- **Ağırlık:** 13.71 ton
- **Uzunluk:** 7.35 m
- **Namlu uzunluğu:** 3.0 m
- **Yükseklik:** 3.09 m
- **Mürettebat:** 3
- **Kalibre:** 122 mm
- **Namlu:** 40
- **Atış hızı:** 690 m/s
- **Etkili menzil:** 20 km
- **Nişangah:** PG-1M panoramik teleskop
- **Motor:** ZiL-375 V8 benzinli
- **Motor gücü:** 180 bg
- **Harekat menzili:** 405 km
- **Azami hız:** 75 km/h

**BM-21 Grad** (БМ-21 "Град", "dolu"), bir [Sovyet](https://turkipedia.org/tr/wiki/Sovyetler_Birli%C4%9Fi) [çok namlulu roketatar](https://turkipedia.org/tr/wiki/%C3%87ok_namlulu_roketatar) sistemidir.[^1] Sistem, 1960'larda geliştirilmiş olup [BM-14 Katyuşa](https://turkipedia.org/tr/wiki/Katyu%C5%9Fa_%28silah%29) roketlerinin yerini almıştır. Sovyet modellerinde çoğunlukla [Ural](https://turkipedia.org/tr/wiki/UralAZ)-375D kamyonu üzerine monte edilmiştir. Diğer birçok ülke tarafından lisanslı olarak üretildi ve benzer sistemler geliştirildi.

## Kullanıcılar

![BM-21 kullanıcıları](https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Map_of_BM-21_operators.svg/1280px-Map_of_BM-21_operators.svg.png)
*BM-21 kullanıcıları (Cherkash , authors of BlankMap-World.svg, CC-BY-SA-4.0)*

- Afganistan,
- Angola,
- Azerbaycan,
- Bangladeş,
- Belarus,
- Bosna-Hersek,
- Bulgaristan,
- Burkina Faso,
- Burundi,
- Cezayir,
- Cibuti,
- Çad,
- Ekvador,
- Endonezya,
- Eritre,
- Ermenistan,
- Etiyopya,
- Fas,
- Fildişi Sahili,
- Filistin,[^2]
- Gürcistan,
- Hırvatistan,
- Hindistan,
- Irak,
- İran,
- Kamboçya,
- Kamerun,
- Kazakistan,[^3]
- Kıbrıs,
- Kırgızistan,[^4]
- Kongo,
- Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti,
- Küba,
- Liberya,
- Libya,
- Lübnan,
- Macaristan,
- Makedonya,
- Mali,
- Mısır,
- Moğolistan,[^5]
- Moldova,
- Mozambik,
- Myanmar,
- Namibya,
- Nikaragua,
- Nijerya,
- Katar,[^6]
- Kuzey Kore,
- Özbekistan,[^7]
- Pakistan,
- Peru,[^8]
- Polonya,[^9]
- Romanya,
- Rusya,[^10]
- Sahra Demokratik Arap Cumhuriyeti,[^11]
- Senegal,[^12]
- Sırbistan,
- Somali,
- Somaliland,
- Sri Lanka,
- Suriye,
- Tacikistan,[^13]
- Tanzanya,
- Tayland,
- Transdinyester,[^14]
- Türkmenistan,[^15]
- Ukrayna,
- Venezuela,
- Vietnam,
- Yemen,
- Yunanistan,
- Zambiya,
- Zimbabve,

### Eski kullanıcılar

- Doğu Almanya,
- Finlandiya,
- İsrail,
- Sovyetler Birliği,
- Yugoslavya,

### Sadece Değerlendirme

- Amerika Birleşik Devletleri,

## Bibliyografi

- Jamie Prenatt and Adam Hook, *Katyusha – Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941–Present*, New Vanguard 235, Osprey Publishing Ltd, Oxford 2016.

## Dış bağlantılar

- [122 mm Multiple Rocket Launcher (MRL) "GRAD" on the Ural-375 6×6 truck chassis – Walk around photos](https://web.archive.org/web/20080925083513/http://www.thetankmaster.com/english/afv/BM-21_1.asp)
- [Globalsecurity.org](http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/bm-21.htm)
- [Enemyforces.com](http://www.enemyforces.com/artillery/grad.htm)
- [Splav State Research and Production Enterprise](https://web.archive.org/web/20060708221046/http://www.splav.org/en/arms/grad/index.asp)
- [BM-11 at FAS.org](https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/bm-11.htm)

[^1]: Splav 122 mm BM-21 multiple rocket launcher family (Russian Federation), Multiple rocket launchers, Jane's Armour and Artillery <http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/Splav-122-mm-BM-21-multiple-rocket-launcher-family-Russian-Federation.html>
[^2]: Latest rockets manufactured in China. The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. <http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=127179>
[^3]: Pike, John. Kazakhstan Land Forces Equipment. <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/centralasia/kazak-ground-equipment.htm>
[^4]: Pike, John. Kyrgyzstan – Army Equipment. <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/centralasia/kyrgyz-army-equipment.htm>
[^5]: ВООРУЖЕННЫЕ СИЛЫ МОНГОЛИИ. <http://www.legendtour.ru/rus/mongolia/informations/army_of_mongolia.shtml>
[^6]: World Military and Police Forces: Qatar . Worldmilitaryintel.blogspot.com.tr (26 May 2013). 11 Mayıs 2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir. <http://worldmilitaryintel.blogspot.com.tr/2013/05/blog-post_7915.html>
[^7]: John Pike. Uzbekistan Army Equipment. <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/centralasia/uzbek-army-equipment.htm>
[^8]: Army Recognition Alain Servaes. Index army military equipment Peruvian Army Peru Index des quipements militaires arme pruvienne du Prou. <http://www.armyrecognition.com/Amerique_du_sud/Perou/Index_Land_forces_Peruvian_army_forces_terrestres_peru_perou.htm#top>
[^9]: "Uzbrojenie Wojska Polskiego w 2008 r". militarium.net (18 August 2008) <https://web.archive.org/web/20110510082127/http://www.militarium.net/viewart.php?aid=411>
[^10]: Yanko, Eugene. 9m22u Grad MLRS | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces. <http://warfare.be/?catid=353&linkid=1581&title=9m22u-grad-mlrs>
[^11]: Frente Polisario. iddeo.es <https://web.archive.org/web/20070615073540/http://personal5.iddeo.es/jesusm1/fpolisario.html>
[^12]: Senegal parades new BM-21s and armoured vehicles (2017) . Janes.com (11 April 2017). 11 Mayıs 2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir. <http://www.janes.com/article/69472/senegal-parades-new-bm-21s-and-armoured-vehicles>
[^13]: John Pike. Tajikistan – Army Equipment. <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/centralasia/tajik-army-equipment.htm>
[^14]: Tiraspol Hostel. Transnistria Army Tanks in center of Tiraspol!. 13 Nisan 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FC6kMKmV3VM>
[^15]: John Pike. Turkmensitan Army Equipment. <http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/centralasia/turkmen-army-equipment.htm>